When did Civiale first crush a stone in a living patient? disputed

Positions

1. January 1824

   Riches says Civiale performed his first operation on a living patient in January 1824; BAUS gives 13 January 1824, completed in two sittings.

   Sources

   1. Riches 1967, The history of lithotomy and lithotrity (Arnott Demonstration, RCS) Secondary
   2. BAUS Virtual Museum: Transurethral bladder stone treatment Museum or society

2. 23 January 1823

   The EAU History Office page on the Civiale instrument set gives 23 January 1823.

   Sources

   1. EAU History Office, Exhibit of the month: the Civiale set Museum or society

Evidence

Civiale reported to the Académie des sciences on 22 March 1824, which sits more easily with a first operation in January 1824. He had been experimenting since 1817.

Current standing

January 1824 is the majority date and the one the film uses; the 1823 date is a single-source outlier.

All sources