Who was de Romanis, and when was the Marian method first published? disputed

Positions

1. Joannes de Romanis; first published 1522

   Riches names him Joannes and says the method was first published by Mariano Santo in 1522, presumably within Santo's general surgical work.

   Sources

   1. Riches 1967, The history of lithotomy and lithotrity (Arnott Demonstration, RCS) Secondary

2. Franciscus de Romanis of Cremona; set out in 1535

   The EAU History Office names him Franciscus de Romanis of Cremona; Santo's dedicated treatise, the Libellus aureus, was printed in Venice in 1535.

   Sources

   1. EAU History Office: The Marian method, the apparatus major Museum or society
   2. Wikipedia, Mariano Santo Secondary

Evidence

Both sources agree that de Romanis devised the method around 1520 and that his pupil Mariano Santo published it. The two dates may both be right: an account inside a general work in 1522 and the dedicated treatise in 1535. A brief for the film proposed Giovanni, which matches neither source exactly.

Current standing

Use "de Romanis" without a first name, as the film does, and "described by Mariano Santo in the 1520s and set out in full in 1535".

All sources